The Gendered Self: LGBTQ+ Narratives in Global Media, Volume I

Edited by Tamanna M. Shah, Ohio University and Sonali Jha, Ohio University

'The Gendered Self: LGBTQ+ Narratives in Global Media, Volume I' explores how media serves as a powerful arena for visibility, identity formation, and social change. Across global contexts, the chapters uncover how LGBTQ+ lives are framed, celebrated, silenced, or contested in television, film, news, advertising, and digital platforms. Contributor... s examine themes such as queer infrastructures in cinema, televised celebrations that disrupt tradition, the erasure and recovery of queer histories, and the lived experiences of Indigenous Two-Spirit and Māhū identities. Other chapters address the role of international law in shaping sexual rights, the tensions of representation in Muslim-majority societies, and the ways advertising and talk shows negotiate inclusivity. The volume concludes with a critique of how sitcoms both challenge and reassert patriarchal masculinity. The collection highlights that representation is never neutral. Media can validate identities, expand imaginaries, and amplify marginalized voices, yet it can also perpetuate stereotypes, erase histories, and reinforce exclusion. This volume brings these tensions into focus, revealing how the gendered self emerges at the intersection of culture, politics, and storytelling, and why media remains central to the global struggle for equality.   Show more

The Gendered Self: LGBTQ+ Narratives in Global Media, Volume II

Edited by Tamanna M. Shah, Ohio University and Sonali Jha, Ohio University

'The Gendered Self: LGBTQ+ Narratives in Global Media, Volume II' challenges the restrictive frameworks that have long defined gender and sexuality. Moving beyond simplistic dichotomies, this volume explores how LGBTQ+ identities are shaped, represented, and contested across diverse cultural, historical, and political contexts. Through case studie... s from Turkey, the United States, China, and India, contributors reveal the lived complexities of queer experience. Chapters trace transgender journeys of identity transformation, dissect the weaponization of queer bodies in moral panics, and analyze the digital self-representations of Chinese gay men. Others investigate how Indian OTT platforms and Malayalam cinema expand space for queer narratives, while historical accounts of activists like Paula Grossman illustrate the fraught relationship between representation, activism, and backlash. Across these explorations, the volume highlights how media, politics, and cultural traditions simultaneously affirm and erase queer lives. It uncovers the deep roots of erasure in mythology and religion, while also showing how digital platforms and popular culture create new opportunities for resistance and recognition. This collection insists that the “gendered self” must be understood as fluid, intersectional, and culturally situated, pushing readers to reimagine identity beyond binaries and toward broader visions of inclusion and justice.   Show more

Fashion’s Missing Masses: The representation of marginalized populations in collections and exhibitions of dress

Edited by Kenna Libes, Bard Graduate Center

'Fashion’s Missing Masses' fills a gap in literature on museums and fashion collections and focuses on the display of clothing and fashion that has historically been left out of the canon. The fifteen essays in this volume span topics on Indigenous and traditional dress; disabled and fat bodies; and queer and ethnic identities. Their authors study...  the ways that dress and textiles have been collected, displayed, and often ignored across a century and a half of museum exhibitions. Representation and inclusion in fashion museums is a new and rapidly evolving area of research in the reexamination of dress history. These chapters provide unique information and perspectives on curation, collections management, conservation, and research, which will be valuable to a wide group of audiences working, teaching, and learning in and about museums. This volume touches on practical concerns of exhibition, including mannequin availability and difficulties of mounting dress, as well as broader questions of scholarship and activism that will be key for educators and researchers who wish to stay abreast of developments in this field. Diversity in fashion is a hot topic, and understanding the line between tokenization and representation in spaces of institutional authority is crucial to learning how we can better serve our diverse populations in the teaching of history.   Show more

India, Pakistan and the Sharike-Bazi: An Alternate Understanding of the Cousin Rivalry

Jawad Kadir

Despite using the metaphors of kin-states and blood-brothers for the India-Pakistan conflict, there is limited work exploring this phenomenon. India-Pakistan relations have mostly been theorized by situating them along with a bipolar ethnic and religious framework. This book presents a fresh conflict model to theorize their rivalry by positioning ... them as warring family branches with common ancient and cultural history. Therefore, this book not only competes with the existing literature but also claims to break new theoretical ground in the subject. This book will be of interest to researchers looking to theorize intergroup conflicts, academicians, students, social activists, politicians, practitioners, track-2 diplomats and above all, the policy makers in both countries. This book has theorized the tensions and dynamics of the India-Pakistan conflict as a process akin to a typical large South Asian family dispute after dividing its tangible assets. Categorizing and depicting India and Pakistan as two segments of such a large family, quarreling over gaining more prestige against the other after dividing ancestral land, this study does not remain unaware of other, larger pushes and pulls experienced in this intractable conflict, interfering in significant ways in the relationship between the partitioning members of the extended family. Arguing for the centrality of the concept of family relations in this context made increasing sense also as an explanation for the intensity of local emotions visible in this complex conflict. The core argument here is that the intractability, intensity, and intimacy associated with various dimensions of the India-Pakistan conflict can be better explained by analyzing it as a dispute between two warring branches of a huge joint family with an enormously rich and diverse ancient history.   Show more

Macroeconomía: un enfoque cuantitativo

Edited by Emilio Congregado, Universidad de Huelva and Concepción Román, Universidad de Huelva

Este manual de macroeconomía ha sido diseñado para facilitar el aprendizaje de los modelos macroeconómicos básicos a través de un enfoque pedagógico que combina la modelización económica, la aplicación práctica, la calibración y la simulación. Dirigido a estudiantes de grado, este recurso busca que el alumno entienda el interés de los modelos, cuá... l es el sentido de su calibración y el papel que tienen los datos y el uso de la estadística y la econometría para evaluar y simular escenarios económicos. Basado en un álgebra sencilla y apoyado en Excel, su objetivo es desarrollar habilidades para el análisis técnico y la interpretación de fenómenos macroeconómicos. Además, fomenta la comprensión del trabajo del economista y la importancia de las herramientas cuantitativas para evaluar políticas y shocks. Este manual pretende sentar las bases para que, en cursos posteriores, el estudiante pueda abordar modelos más complejos, microfundamentados y con elementos estocásticos, cuando se potencien sus competencias en modelización, calibración y simulación.   Show more

Thriving in the EdTech Revolution: A Practical Guide to Technology Integration in Teacher Education

Edited by Harshith B. Nair, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Mysuru, India et al.

In an era where digital transformation is reshaping education, this book is a vital guide for educators, researchers, and policymakers navigating technology integration into learning. It explores educational technology’s theoretical foundations and practical applications, emphasizing innovative strategies to enhance teaching and learning. From art... ificial intelligence and machine learning to blended learning models and virtual reality, the book provides actionable insights into leveraging cutting-edge tools effectively while addressing critical issues like the digital divide, ethical technology use, and equitable access. Positioned at the intersection of pedagogy and technology, the work draws on global case studies and frameworks such as TPACK to present adaptable solutions for diverse educational contexts. It is unique in its focus on foundational and emerging trends, and it supports educators in building digital competencies and fostering student-centered learning environments. Designed for classroom adoption, professional development, and research, this book is an indispensable resource for teacher educators, in-service teachers, policymakers, and educational researchers committed to transforming education for the digital age. Its blend of actionable strategies, ethical considerations, and future-focused discussions equips readers to embrace technology as a tool for innovation and inclusivity in teaching and learning.   Show more

La traducción como herramienta de empoderamiento: Hacia una gramaticalización de lo no binario en lengua española

Javier Arroyo Bretaño, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, España

El contexto sociohistórico contemporáneo, gracias a los feminismos de tercera y cuarta ola y al progreso de las teorías ‘queer’, ha favorecido la puesta en duda del binarismo sexo-género. Esto, junto a la revolución comunicativa de las dinámicas de web 2.0, ha provocado que proliferen identidades al margen de lo masculino y lo femenino, englobadas...  bajo el concepto de lo no binario. De la mano de estas identidades ha llegado su representación dentro y fuera del ámbito de la ficción, así como el debate en torno a su expresión gramatical. En ese sentido, mientras que en lengua inglesa existen entidades académicas como el diccionario ‘Merriam-Webster’ o el ‘Cambridge Dictionary’, que las aceptan y definen, la Real Academia Española se muestra contraria a recogerlas. El conflicto surge, pues, a la hora de traducir esas realidades identitarias al español, pues no hay consenso en torno a su representación lingüística. De esta manera, dado que diversos estudios avalan tanto la capacidad de la traducción para favorecer cambios sociológicos como la relación que esto guarda con el género, la traducción se nos presenta como una herramienta poderosa a la hora de favorecer la implementación de una gramática de lo no binario: dado que hay que traducirlas, urge debatir cómo representar estas identidades emergentes. Por tanto, a través de la importación de sus narrativas, la traducción puede favorecer la instauración de las identidades no binarias en lengua española.   Show more

Cinematic Ecosystems: Screen Encounters with More-than-Humans in the Era of Environmental Crisis

Edited by Mary Hegedus, York University and Jessica Mulvogue, University of St Andrews

Motivated by the exigency of climate change, 'Cinematic Ecosystems: Screen Encounters with More-than-Humans in the Era of Environmental Crisis' takes cinema to be an audiovisual form whose creation and meaning are deeply connected to more-than-human worlds. As part of the third wave of ecocinema studies, this collection gathers contributions on mu... ltiple cinema forms from an international group of scholars and artists who offer diverse, critical perspectives that respond to the question: How does cinema help or hinder us in coming to know the more-than-human world? The collection homes in on the concept of the ecosystem as a biological and technological system that comprises a network of inter-relational living and their inanimate elemental affordances to explore encounters with cinema as a material object and practice, a spectatorial experience, and a representational text. The chapters cover environmental topics that span five continents and multiple histories. This book will be of special interest to film studies scholars and artists interested in cinema and climate change, environmental justice, and posthumanism.   Show more

Manet’s Ironic Duplicity: Hamlet, Baudelaire, and Masculinity

James H. Rubin, Stony Brook, State University of New York

The painter Edouard Manet (1832-1883) was a central figure for momentous and lasting changes in the realm of art that still resound today. His art speaks directly to the philosophical issues and political conflicts of his own time and is therefore deeply embedded in the development of modernity. 'Manet’s Ironic Duplicity' focuses on that situation...  and the historically conscious artist’s sometimes ambivalent struggle for authenticity. Rather than another full chronological monograph, the book is an interdisciplinary study organized around key concepts. It reframes the major, and sometimes disparate issues in Manet scholarship by focusing on a never-before-considered overriding theme—duplicity—which itself is multiple in its manifestations and variants, hence 'duplicities'. Reversing the usual narrative, this study deconstructs and enlightens the myth of the heroic artist struggling for individual and original vision by revealing how so much of Manet’s creativity and irony was prompted by frustrations due to repressive politics, censorship, and challenges to his sense of self. A key aspect of the latter was his masculinity. Although Manet’s association with the ideas of the poet and critic Charles Baudelaire is well known, never has Baudelaire’s essay 'On the Essence of Laughter and the Comic in the Visual Arts' been brought to bear on the concept of irony in Manet’s work. Given Baudelaire’s rapprochement between actors and artists, as well as Manet’s familiarity with the theatrical milieu, the book focuses on Manet’s two little-studied representations of 'Hamlet' as both the starting and end point of its analysis. It then concludes with a re-reading of the painter’s illustrated letters to women as a dissimulation of his final, fatal illness in order to maintain his masculine honor.   Show more

The Sound of the Past: Echoes and Incantations in Eliot, H.D., and Woolf

Edited by Steven Minas et al.

'The Sound of the Past' collects nine essays on the topic of Modernism and its relationship to past histories, literatures, artworks, environments, and cultural moments. The collection specifically explores the way sound informs the work of T. S. Eliot, H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), and Virginia Woolf. Some chapters address sound through allusion and pr... osody, while others do so through travel and “anaesthetics.” Sound allows echoing, seeming, voicing, announcing, scaling, plunging, and hearing. These allowances offer a wide approach to both literary and sound studies. This collection addresses various genres, including the long poem, the novel, the travelogue, and the “it-narrative.” As such, it will be a useful collection for anyone interested in the multiform way Modernist writers echo or channel their precursors.   Show more

Surrealism and Ecology

Edited by Iveta Slavkova, American University Paris, France et al.

'Surrealism and Ecology' is the first volume to consider the intersections of these two fields. It addresses the contribution of the avant-gardes in thinking about the relationship of humans with their environment in the context of massive environmental upheaval in the twentieth century. This volume explores the significant role of Surrealist arti... sts and writers within the history of critical thinking about nature and environment over the last hundred years. It approaches ecology both as a mode of thinking about the many interconnections of life and as a way of experiencing and knowing the world. The relationship of humans with their environment is of paramount significance within contemporary discourse, and the contribution of the historical avant-gardes to this topic remains largely underexplored. In addressing this gap, the book presents a diverse selection of analyses of the ways in which the Surrealists have thought about and represented nature and the human place within it. It emphasises how Surrealism’s interventions in connecting seemingly distinct domains of thought and phenomena can be understood as relevant to more recent developments in the practice of ecological thought. Surrealist practices and the academic field of Surrealism studies are broad in scope and include not only visual art, but also poetry and literature, film, philosophy, exhibition design, and experimental practice. This volume includes contributions from established and developing scholars working across disciplines and locations, who address such varied practices and engage with analyses from multiple perspectives. The international and trans-Atlantic history of Surrealism is well-represented in this book, with over half the texts exploring the work of European Surrealists in exile during the Second World War or the art and environmental and political activism of Surrealists in the Caribbean and throughout the Americas.   Show more

The Insides of the Outsider: Women and the Poetics of Space and Place

Edited by Mariangela Ugarelli

When asked if being a woman had a negative impact on her ability to succeed as a writer, Argentine poet Alejandra Pizarnik stated that, even if not a physical impediment, being a woman in a patriarchal society is ‘a tragedy’ in itself. She followed this comment by saying: ‘What matters is what we do with our own tragedies’. Beyond sex assigned at ... birth, feminized bodies around the world share a similar phenomenological experience, which is dictated by a complicated relationship to space. Before setting pen to paper, the woman writer, a monster herself within patriarchal discourse, must confront the role society has set for her. For a writer in a feminized body, thus, the act of writing never begins with a tabula rasa but with a refusal and a challenge, an ushering out of the supposed ‘eden’ of the domestic. The question of the women-writer’s space is further exacerbated when considering matters of intersectionality. The poetics of space and place change within the confines of different geopolitical structures and their relations amongst each other. How do they shift when the center becomes de-centered and writing stems not from a place of political power but from the quieted voices of minor literature, queer and racialized bodies or subalternized latitudes? This volume will attempt to address these questions with input from a diverse group of scholars dealing with an equally diverse corpus. North and Latin America converse with Europe while ‘genre’ literature, minor literature and ‘gendered’ literatures take center stage. By taking into account a wide array of cultural objects, from poetry and children’s literature to Gothic tales and television shows, this collection of articles reveals the profound link between space and the female experience through the lens of art and literature.   Show more

Women and Religion in Britain Today: Rites and Rituals

Edited by Yvonne Bennett, Canterbury Christ Church University

This book is the second volume edited by Yvonne Bennett examining the lived religious lives of women in 21st-century Britain. The authors continue to explore contemporary women’s spirituality by looking at the way women use rituals and rites within their lives. Coming from different academic fields, the contributors bring together an interdiscipli... nary collection of voices on the topic of rituals and ritualistic behaviours. The chapters are woven together to shine a heterogeneous light on religion in the twenty-first century and the impact it has on women in Britain today. The volume also examines the editors’ own spirituality alongside that of the participants, offering a hybrid academic-practitioner viewpoint on ritual. The chapters begin and end with a philosophical examination of ritual and the manner in which ritualistic behaviours are incorporated into human experience. This book takes the reader on a journey from the cradle to the grave and from medieval history to the present day.   Show more

Cultural Influences and International Students

Understanding Academic Experiences in US Higher Education

Kruti S. Chaliawala, Boise State University

Navigating the intricate landscape of U.S. higher education can be profoundly challenging for international students. This groundbreaking work offers a vital, dual perspective, interweaving deeply personal lived experiences with rigorous academic research to illuminate the multifaceted journey of cultural and academic adaptation. Beyond the autho... r’s compelling narrative in the preface, the book shares personal stories, making complex challenges tangible and relatable. From dissecting the nuances of U.S. grading systems and academic culture to exploring complex social integration, language proficiency hurdles, and the pervasive challenges of “othering” and discrimination, this book provides an honest and comprehensive account. A unique focus is placed on the distinct barriers faced by female students from conservative cultural backgrounds, offering empathetic insight into their unique struggles with participation, social norms, and mental well-being. Distinguished by its blend of personal narrative and evidence-based solutions, this book transcends mere description. It critically examines the role of institutional support, advocating for culturally sensitive mentorship, inclusive classroom practices, tailored mental health services, and essential cultural competency training for faculty and staff. 'Cultural Influences and International Students' is an indispensable resource for current and prospective international students seeking to understand and prepare for their journey. It is also an essential guide for higher education professionals, including faculty, advisors, administrators, and policymakers, providing actionable strategies to foster truly inclusive environments. This work stands as a powerful call to action for transforming U.S. campuses into spaces where every international student can thrive academically and personally.   Show more

High Impact & Experiential Learning as Enhancing Quality on Campus

Edited by Jeffrey R. Breese, Gwynedd Mercy Univeristy et al.

For years, the American Association of Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) has called for colleges and universities to implement high-impact practices (HIPs), or educational procedures that provide significant academic advantages to students. 'High Impact & Experiential Learning as Enhancing Quality on Campus' provides examples of such strat... egies from thirteen colleges and universities as they have been applied in the classroom and in service of each featured college and university’s mission statement and quality enhancement plan. Each institution included in this collection has committed to some such project or initiative (in some cases, the commitment goes back multiple decades), and each reflects the diversity of contemporary higher education in the United States. Public and private, small and large, selective and open access, religiously affiliated and non-sectarian, are all included here. The institutions provide a variety of creative examples of implementing experiential learning and the myriad HIPs as identified by the AAC&U, including: Capstone Courses and Projects, ePortfolios, First-Year Seminars and Experiences, Service Learning/Community-Based Learning and Undergraduate Research. Each chapter is framed around the project’s scope and significance, a clear expression of the purpose of the project, evidence of the institution’s commitment and capacity for the effort and how the project is aligned with stated goals and institutional priorities. Drawing from fields as broad as sociology, psychology, the humanities, and environmental sciences and studies, 'High Impact & Experiential Learning as Enhancing Quality on Campus' appeals to multiple classrooms and institutional goals. Given the expanded interest in experiential learning/HIPs in higher education over the past two decades, this first-of-its-kind collection offers a roadmap for faculty and administrators to implement the practices outlined in each chapter in service of students’ learning and their larger institutional goals.   Show more

Dante the Heretic: An Exploration of Cathar Beliefs in the Divine Comedy

Edited by Caterina Soresina Stoppani

The purpose of this book is to demonstrate that Cathar doctrine is the main source of Dante's poem and to encourage readers to approach this work with fresh eyes, beyond the interpretative frameworks that are often worn. With detailed references to Dante's text, persuasive arguments, lucid and concrete exposition, and a direct and easy-to-follow s... tyle, Maria Soresina progressively presents the links between the ‘Divine Comedy’ and Catharism, which she has been investigating since the end of the last century. The text analyzes Cathar characters with respect to the doctrine. The Cathars were Christians, but their beliefs were very different from those of the Catholic Church. The author analyzes their philosophy, followed by verses of Dante that demonstrate agreement with it and distance from the Catholic Church. In addition to the great doctrinal questions, there are many Cathar beliefs and customs, all of which, such as their being vegetarians, find precise confirmation in the verses of the ‘Divine Comedy’. The Cathars had only one sacrament, the ‘consolamentum’. A long chapter is dedicated to demonstrating that Dante's journey through Purgatory corresponds to the various phases of this sacrament, within which the figure of Beatrice has a particular meaning, a woman whom Dante probably never met and never loved. This text offers non-Italian-speaking readers the chance to engage with these interpretive theories, destabilizing the canonical criticism and forcing a re-examination of sources and historical context.   Show more

“La música conspira a cielo abierto:” Rock y censura en América Latina

Edited by Luis Diaz-Santana Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Mexico

Este libro nos presenta un panorama muy amplio de la percepción del rock en América Latina desde la cultura dominante, y la forma en que esa percepción adulta, blanca, heteronormativa y prejuiciada desarrolló estrategias de persecución y censura contra el nuevo género. El paso del rock and roll de los años cincuenta al rock de los sesenta coincide...  con el tránsito de la adolescencia a la juventud de sus seguidores, por lo que ya no se trataba de diversiones adolescentes, sino de demandas de poder de un nuevo sector social. De esa manera, la censura, aunque errática, trató de contrarrestar la amenaza que el rock representaba para el statu quo dominante, en dictadura o democracia, con gobiernos de derecha o de izquierda. La apariencia física de los rockeros se transformó en asunto de Estado, como nos ilustran los autores del libro, donde la represión pasó del control de la música al control de los cuerpos. Frente a la escasa bibliografía existente sobre el rock y la censura en América Latina, este libro constituye un estímulo para ampliar el concepto de música y censura, como para profundizar en la historia del rock en la región.   Show more

Soviet Policies on Gender, Education and Culture

Edited by Christina Engelmann, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany et al.

In times of increased East-West confrontation and various global crises, it becomes increasingly clear that, for most people, the neoliberal restructuring of society has not resulted in greater freedom or a more self-determined lifestyle. Instead, we are experiencing a precarization of working and living conditions, rising isolation, and a widespr... ead sense of political powerlessness linked to the rise of right-wing governments, nationalist, and far-right forces in recent years. In light of these developments, it is especially important to take an unbiased look at concepts and practical models for alternative social and political change and to reflect on what lessons can be learned from historical events for today’s politics. The Soviet example appears particularly instructive, as the October Revolution of 1917 marked the start of a period of profound change in which a fundamentally different culture and education system emerged in just a few months and years. As this volume’s contributions demonstrate, the complex transformation process in the early years of the Soviet Union involved both the creation of new elements and the preservation of old ones. As the interview with Kristen R. Ghodsee shows, figures like Alexandra Kollontai, through their progressive socialist theory and practice, brought about sweeping changes that extended beyond the sphere of production. They fundamentally transformed social life as a whole, especially gender relations, leading to significant improvements in living conditions – particularly for female workers – and achievements such as public childcare. The contributions and the interview with Dietmar Dath also explore the development of a new education system and the restructuring of art and culture, as well as their significance beyond the historical contexts in which they originated, continuing to influence today. Through this, the volume aims to open new perspectives on the legacy of Soviet education, gender, and cultural policies and to provide insightful analyses and materials for researchers in disciplines such as educational sciences, history, art and cultural studies, literature, social and political science, anthropology, philosophy, and gender studies.   Show more

¿Invisibles? Trans-identidades en la España contemporánea

Edited by Ana M. Corbalan, The University of Alabama

‘¿Invisibles? Trans-identidades en la España contemporánea’ analiza la experiencia, corporeidad, identidad y representación de las personas trans en las producciones culturales españolas. Este volumen examina los fenómenos culturales que giran en torno a las trans-identidades, analizando la visibilidad del colectivo en los últimos 50 años y respon... diendo a estas preguntas: ¿Cómo se representa a la comunidad trans en España? ¿Qué modelos de referencia hay en las producciones culturales? ¿Cómo combatir la transfobia existente? El libro denuncia la ausencia de un espacio realmente inclusivo en el panorama cultural y plantea la necesidad de aumentar la agencia y derechos de las identidades trans en el discurso público. Sus trece capítulos ofrecen una variedad de referentes sobre la diversidad genérico-sexual para visibilizar a unas personas vulnerables cuyas experiencias se han visto reducidas en numerosas ocasiones a rechazo y discriminación.   Show more

Customary International Law: A Comprehensive Study of State Practice, Opinio Juris, and the Legitimacy of Norm Formation

Charles Quince

This comprehensive study provides an essential examination of customary international law, addressing one of the most fundamental yet frequently misunderstood sources of international legal norms. The work bridges critical gaps in contemporary understanding through rigorous doctrinal analysis, extensive jurisprudential discussion, and illuminating...  case illustrations that demonstrate how custom operates within the global legal framework. As an authoritative reference tool, this volume serves legal scholars, practitioners, and students seeking to understand the complex mechanisms through which customary international law develops and functions, providing clear frameworks for identifying and interpreting customary norms across diverse legal contexts through its systematic approach to analyzing state practice and opinio juris. Beyond its reference value, the book offers practical methodological guidance for researchers investigating customary law formation. By examining evidentiary challenges and providing analytical frameworks, it equips scholars with robust tools for conducting empirical research on state practice and assessing the legitimacy of emerging international norms. The work’s structured approach to jurisprudential analysis serves as a valuable template for systematic legal research, while international law professionals will find the study particularly valuable for its practical applications in legal practice and policy development. The comprehensive exploration of norm formation processes, combined with detailed case studies, provides practitioners with insights essential for advocacy, treaty negotiation, and dispute resolution. Researchers benefit from the work’s contribution to theoretical understanding while gaining access to methodologies that enhance the consistency and reliability of customary law interpretation. This study ultimately advances the field by clarifying persistent ambiguities in customary international law, offering a more coherent understanding of its evolving role in contemporary global governance and legal order.   Show more